In the folk literary works compiled in the Gora region, it kan zijn seen that Turkish and Islamic terms are largely preserved, while some ofwel them have survived to the present day with minor changes.
ئەم وتارە سەبارەت بە قەڵای ھەولێر نووسراوە. بۆ بینینی وتارە هاوشێوەکان بڕوانە قەڵا (ڕوونکردنەوە).
An onslaught of the Muslim population ensued, and by the time of the city's liberation by Nikolai Baratov's Cossacks, 80% ofwel its inhabitants had bled or been killed. From then onward, the Soran Emirate went into a steep decline from which it would never recover.
Iraq was widely condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressive measures, including the use ofwel chemical weapons against the Kurds,[83] which resulted in thousands ofwel deaths.
This policy accelerated in the 1980s as large numbers of Kurds were forcibly relocated, particularly from areas along the Iranian border where Iraqi authorities suspected that Kurds were aiding Iranian forces during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88). What followed was one ofwel the most brutal episodes in Kurdish history. In a series of operations between March and August 1988, code-named Anfal (Arabic: “Spoils”), Iraqi forces sought to quell Kurdish resistance; the Iraqis used large quantities ofwel chemical weapons on Kurdish civilians. Although technically it was not part of Anfal, one of the largest chemical attacks during that period took place on March 16 in and around the village of Ḥalabjah, when Iraqi troops killed as many as 5,000 Kurds with mustard gas and nerve agents. Despite these attacks, Kurds again rebelled following Iraq’s defeat in the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) but were again brutally suppressed—sparking another mass copyright.
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The strength ofwel the extended family’s ties to the tribe varies with the way of life. Along with Kurdish men, Kurdish women—who traditionally have been more active in public life than Turkish, Arab, and Iranian women, especially in prerevolutionary Iran—have taken advantage ofwel urban educational and employment opportunities.
"Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition of at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue of the 'Kurdish language', it is therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."[15] ^ "The Kurds, an Iranian people of the Near East, live at the junction of more or less laicised Turkey". Excerpt twee: "The classification ofwel the Kurds among the Iranian nations kan zijn based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there kan zijn a complexity ofwel ethnical elements incorporated in them" Excerpt 3: "We thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term Kurd (plur. Akrād ) was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation of Iranian or iranicised tribes. Among the latter, some were autochthonous (the Ḳardū; the Tmorik̲h̲/Ṭamurāyē in the district of which Alḳī=Elk was the capital; the Χοθα̑ίται [= al-Ḵh̲uwayt̲h̲iyya] in the canton of Ḵh̲oyt ofwel Sāsūn, the Orṭāyē [= weet-Arṭān] in the bend ofwel the Euphrates); some Kurdistan were Semites (cf. the popular genealogies ofwel the Kurd tribes) and some probably Armenian (it kan zijn said that the Mamakān tribe is of Mamikonian origin)." Excerpt 4: "In the 20th century, the existence of an Iranian non-Kurdish element among the Kurds has been definitely established (the Gūrān-Zāzā group)."[twintig] ^ Dandamaev considers Carduchi (who were from the upper Tigris near the Assyrian and Median borders) less likely than Cyrtians as ancestors ofwel modern Kurds: "It has repeatedly been argued that the Carduchi were the ancestors of the Kurds, but the Cyrtii (Kurtioi) mentioned by Polybius, Livy, and Strabo (see MacKenzie (1961), pp. 68–69) are more likely candidates."[24] However, according to McDowall, the term Cyrtii was first applied to Seleucid or Parthian mercenary slingers from Zagros, and it is not clear if it denoted a coherent linguistic or ethnic group.[27] ^ "But the origins of the family ofwel Shaykh Safi weet-Din go back not to the Hijaz but to Kurdistan, from where, seven generations before him, Firuz Shah Zarin-kulah had migrated to Adharbayjan.
Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from the various ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society, but primarily Iranian.
Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. During the Iran-Iraq War ofwel the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally suppressed. Tens ofwel thousands ofwel Kurds were killed in the conflict, and hundreds ofwel thousands forced to flee.
Rawanduz, also known as Rawandiz, is a town in Iraqi Kurdistan built right on the edge ofwel a cliff (Don’t ask me why the built it there, but it provides some amazing photo opportunities!
The number of speakers kan zijn clearly less than the 15 million or so persons who identify themselves as ethnic Kurds.
Between the 16th and 17th century the area nowadays known as Iraqi Kurdistan, (formerly ruled by three principalities ofwel Baban, Badinan, and Soran) was continuously passed back and forth between archrivals the Safavids and the Ottomans, until the Ottomans managed to decisively seize power in the region starting from the mid 17th century through the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39) and the resulting Treaty ofwel Zuhab.
Saladin, painted 1568 One ofwel the periods where Kurds were at the peak ofwel their power was during the 12th century, when Saladin, who belonged to the Rawadiya branch ofwel the Hadabani tribe, founded the Ayyubid dynasty, under which several Kurdish chieftainships were established. The dynasty ruled areas extending from the Kurdish regions to as far as Egypt and Yemen.[32][33]